Anon Figure 1. These larger classes of wheel loaders are a familiar and much used support equipment for mine sites, assisting in everything from infrastructure development to back up production. Figure 2. This paper discusses the benefits of employing large Electric Drive, Mining Class, Wheel Loaders as opposed to hydraulic excavators in high production low cost mining operations, and the differentiation between Electric Drive Wheel Loaders and Mechanical Drive Wheel Loaders. Large Electric Drive Wheel Loaders, with bucket capacities up to 56m and payloads of 72 Tonnes, combined with fuel saving Electric Power Regeneration technology, demonstrate competitive advantages against hydraulic excavators in availability, production and more importantly Total Cost of Ownership TCO. Electric Drive Wheel Loaders have been available for over forty years, and the fuel saving technology developed for this class Berlin 77 Escort Comment wheel loader is now utilized in other mine site vehicles such as haul trucks. This paper compares design features, productivity, operational costs, maintenance issues and applications. Wood hydraulics, couplings and Berlin 77 Escort Comment units to the diesel engine. The size and class of this type of wheel loader starts at Joy Global LeTourneau L, 25 Tonne payloadand ranges up to the L 72 Tonne payloadwhich is twice the capacity of the largest mechanical wheel loader, and has comparative payload to 40m hydraulic shovels, PC, EX class. Fleet, Figure 3. Fleet, The main drive diesel engine is coupled directly to a generator, which provides the electric power to operate the loader. Each wheel is mounted on an individual wheel driver assembly, consisting of a planetary transmission and electric motor. The loading cycle consists of propel to bank, dig, reverse propel, propel to truck or hopper, dump, and propel back to start of cycle. At each point in propel, the loader consumes fuel on acceleration, and at steady state. However, on deceleration, which is done through electromagnetic braking, the wheel motors are used as generators, which feed power back to the power control system. Figure 4. Electric Drive Wheel Loader Layout. This regenerated power is used to drive the generator, which is directly coupled to both the diesel engine and the main hydraulic system. As the regenerated power drives the generator, there is no load on the diesel engine, and fuel supply is cut off. This is the basic design feature which significantly reduces fuel consumption of this type of loading tool. Electromagnetic primary braking reduces maintenance time and replacement costs associated with mechanical disc brakes. As the wheel loader has independent four wheel drive, power and speed are controlled to each wheel, which allows power to be reduced to any individual wheel which starts to slip, regaining traction. This prolongs tire life through reduced wheel spin, and through correct individual wheel speed when turning. Fleet, An electric drive wheel loader can continue to perform its function if one of the wheel motors fails, allowing for reduced, but continued production, and the ability to propel back to the maintenance location, under its own power, when replacement is ready. This system has stepless forward and reverse propel, negating any need for standard mechanical drive train. Fewer mechanical parts allows for less maintenance and higher availability than mechanical based systems. This also allows for significantly less consumption of lubrication fluids, making it an altogether more environmentally friendly tool. Wheel loaders do not require ancillary floor clean up equipment, as they can perform this exercise themselves. They can be the first loading tool to the digging face after a blast, ensuring quickest restart of production, and can be quickly deployed to alternate selective and material blending requirement locations. Standard track mounted production tools such as Rope Shovels and Hydraulic excavators, have a revolving upper structure, and only require relocation when the material to be excavated is out of reach. This typically leads to sub thirty second load cycles for smaller class equipment and sub thirty five second cycles for larger equipment. Wheel loader performance relies more on operators to minimize travel distances. Fleet, Well trained operators can achieve thirty second load cycles on wheel loaders, with a Berlin 77 Escort Comment typical figure for electric drive wheel loaders of thirty five to forty seconds, and a few seconds longer for mechanical drive wheel loaders in the same application, due to mechanical performance. Klink Rope Shovels and Hydraulic excavators have more digging power than wheel loaders due to their weight and design. Each equipment type has its suitable application. In adequately blasted, or free digging applications, electric drive wheel loaders can offer competing productivity, at lower total cost than diesel powered hydraulic Berlin 77 Escort Comment, by using a larger capacity wheel loader to make up the productivity gains lost by cycle time. Anon, Example 1.
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